Ram Certification: A means to ensure the right genetics is used

Abstract

Conventional breed improvement systems have proved effective in the developed countries where commercial type of production is common. Such systems, for the most part, have failed to bring similar results in developing countries where the system is subsistence and low-input type. As a system which is compatible to the low input production system a community based breeding program (CBBP) has been piloted on a number of sheep and goats breeds in Ethiopia. Where it has been properly implemented substantial gains have been registered. Genetically superior sires selected from the breeding program have been used within the flock they were obtained or sold as improver to the flocks nearby or afar. Making sure that selected rams have the right quality has been an important aspect in the use and sale of rams. A ram certification procedure which involves evaluating the genetic superiority, physical wellness, behavioral fitness and healthiness has been initiated and practiced by the CBBPs. Substantial experience that can be up and out scaled has been acquired and challenges which need to be addressed have been identified. The institutional arrangements to ensure the integrity of the certification process, means of alleviating the burden of the cost of certification (particularly the vaccination and semen test), and price incentives to certified rams and separate grading of rams for use by means of Artificial Insemination (AI) or natural mating are aspects of the certification process which need to be addressed. The certification is meant for improving the indigenous animal and it makes contribution to the conservation of the concerned breeds through sustainable utilization. As such the certification can be considered as public goods and be eligible for public funding to subsidize the process.