Bush encroachment in sub-Saharan Africa: causes, impacts, and management strategies - A review

Abstract

Bush encroachment, the spread of woody vegetation into grass-dominated areas, poses a significant threat to Sub-Saharan Africa's rangelands, biodiversity, and local communities. Climate change, overgrazing, improper fire management, and invasive species contribute to this ecological phenomenon, impacting plant diversity, animal habitats, livestock production, and water resources. To address this, management strategies like planned fire, selective tree removal, rotational grazing, and reseeding with suitable grass species show promise. Effective bush encroachment management is crucial for restoring ecosystem functionality and supporting biodiversity. Integrated land management approaches combining ecological restoration with sustainable livestock production, guided by science-based strategies and local knowledge, are essential. Collaboration among policymakers, land managers, and local communities, facilitated by skilled extension officers, is vital for successful implementation. This comprehensive approach can restore ecosystems, conserve biodiversity, and enhance the socio-economic well-being of Sub-Saharan Africa's rangelands.