Human-environment systems: Concept and Contemporary Frameworks

Abstract

This non-exhausted manual introduces concepts of system in systems science, and related claims in different systems theories. It is noted that, as the system's purpose and boundary have both ontological (objective) and epistemological (subjective) aspects the system conceptualization has to be relevant to the research/development goal and social-ecological context. We also introduces 7 common integrated system frameworks that have been used by the international community of practices. Rather than bothering which framework is the best, it is important that researchers have to be clear with their research goals, goal-driven criteria of requirements and based on that to make a comparative evaluation of the current frameworks to select the most relevant one.