Fate of nitrogen applied in different fertilizers to the surface of a calcareous soil in Syria

Abstract

15N-labelled ammonium sulphate or15N-labelled urea were each applied in solutionat a rate of 30 kg N ha-1 to the surface of 20soil cores (52 mm internal diameter × 100 mm deep)located on a field experiment at the ICARDA station,Tel Hadya, Syria. Recovery of 15N-label in theammonium, nitrate, organic and/or urea-N pools in thesoil was measured on days 0, 1, 2, 5 and 13 afterapplication. Total recovery of 15N was initially100%, but by day 13 after application it had declinedto 51% with urea and 73% with ammonium sulphate.Ammonium nitrate labelled either as ammonium or asnitrate was also applied to the soil surface of 8other cores at the same time. 15N recovery in thefour soil N pools was measured only on day 12 afterapplication. Total recovery of 15N-label was 75%with labelled ammonium and 57% with labelled nitrate.Volatilization of ammonia from this calcareous soil(pH 8.1) is one probable mechanism of N loss fromammonium and urea fertilizers: with nitrate bothleaching beyond the base of the core (i.e. 100 mm) and denitrification were responsible for Nlosses. These large losses of N immediately afterapplication have implications for fertilizermanagement practices.