Governance and Innovation Platforms
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- Presentation on recording innovations in MELAuthor(s): Carampatana, JakeDate: 2020-09-24Type: PresentationStatus: Open accessThis presentation will serve as material to supplement the online MEL guide. This material will target webinars for planning and reporting rounds for CRPs.
- Minutes of the 4th Meeting of the CRP-GLDC Independent Advisory Committee (GLDC-IAC)Author(s): Jacob, NeenaDate: 2019-12-30Type: Other (Minutes)Status: Open accessThis material is the minutes of the 4th meeting of the CRP-GLDC Independent Advisory Committee (GLDC-IAC).
- GLDC Project mapping approval templateAuthor(s): Carampatana, Jake; Bonaiuti, Enrico; Jacob, NeenaDate: 2019-12-06Type: TemplateStatus: Open accessThis template is used by CRP-GLDC to collect project information relevant and necessary to facilitate the approval process of such project to be mapped to CRP-GLDC. First part consists of project basic information, followed by notes to guide in addressing the mapping criteria. The corresponding flagship program leader then assesses the accomplished template and endorses it for approval by the director, CRP-GLDC whose approval concludes the documented project mapping process.
- W3/Bil GLDC Mapping template 2020Author(s): Bonaiuti, Enrico; Jacob, Neena; Carampatana, JakeDate: 2019-10-14Type: TemplateStatus: Open accessThis project mapping template is used by the CRP-GLDC to consolidate details of projects per status (ending in the closing year, new or ongoing in the incoming year), filled at the institute level. Note: A separate mapping approval template is to be used on projects to be mapped to GLDC for the first time.
- GLDC Activities template 2020Author(s): Bonaiuti, Enrico; Jacob, Neena; Carampatana, JakeDate: 2019-10-14Type: TemplateStatus: Open accessThis template is used to consolidate the list of activities per status (completed in closing year, new and/or ongoing in incoming year) for the CRP-GLDC.
- CRP-GLDC PoWB 2020 Planning guidelines (revised)Author(s): Bonaiuti, Enrico; Jacob, Neena; Carampatana, JakeDate: 2019-10-14Type: Other (Guidelines)Status: Open accessAccording to the Program Participant Agreements (PPAs) signed between the lead center and partners to participate and undertake activities in GLDC, the Annual Plan of Work and Budget (PoWB) is reviewed annually, based on the funding scenarios and the orientations provided by the Research Management Committee (RMC). This document provides an overview of steps to be undertaken to complete the POWB 2020 for CRP on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals.
- How to report innovations on MELAuthor(s): Paredes, Diego (International Potato Center (CIP))Date: 2021-09-16Type: PresentationStatus: Open accessGuidelines to upload innovation on MEL
- State of irrigation and drainage infrastructure in Central and Southern Iraq: A review of post war situationAuthor(s): Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Saib Jameel, Shawkat; Abbas, Hassan (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA))Date: 2011-11-13Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessThis study is undertaken with the collaboration of the irrigation, water management and agricultural extension departments in Iraq. The data used in this study consists of irrigation network at project and farm level (irrigation channels/outlets, current irrigation systems such as surface, furrow, drip, and sprinklers and their extent), quality of irrigation water at the farm, irrigation practices, depth of groundwater, quality of groundwater, features of drainage systems (structures, depth of drainage network, efficiency, drainage type, expected life, and drainage maintenance system), collection of drainage effluent, quality of the drainage water, disposal and/or reuse options of the drainage effluent, and cropping system. The main focus of this study was Babil and Wasit provinces located in the central Iraq. Two major projects of these provinces namely Al-Mussiyan and Al-Dujailah were selected for assessing the existing status and performance of the irrigation and drainage infrastructure. Al-Mussiyab project is fed by the Euphrates River and Al-Dujaila project is fed by the Tigris Rivers. The main objective of this study is to review and document the current state of irrigation and drainage infrastructure in these two projects and assess the factors influencing irrigation delivery, irrigation management, and disposal of the drainage effluent. This report also aimed at highlighting the key deficiencies in the system that contributes to soil salinization and low land and water productivity. This information will finally be used to draw investment plans for the pilot scale development of irrigation and drainage infrastructure.
- Halophytes as forages in saline landscapes: interactions between plant genotype and environment change their feeding value to ruminantsAuthor(s): Norman, Hayley; Masters, David; Barrett Lennard, Ed (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA))Date: 2014-07-27Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessThis report focuses on three factors that affect livestock production using halophytes – biomass production, nutritive value (NV) of the biomass and voluntary feed intake (VFI). The growth of halophytic forages is widely recognized as a means for using saline land and water, but this study aim to assess the factors affecting the utilisation of this biomass by ruminants such as sheep, cattle and goats.
- Rehabilitation of irrigation and drainage infrastructure in IraqAuthor(s): Saib Jameel, Shawkat; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar (Ministry of Agriculture Iraq)Date: 2013-11-13Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessA contribution from Component D of the Soil Salinity Management in Central and Southern Project This study is undertaken with the collaboration of the irrigation, water management and agricultural extension departments in Iraq. The data used in this study consists of irrigation network at project and farm level (irrigation channels/outlets, current irrigation systems such as surface, furrow, drip, and sprinklers and their extent), quality of irrigation water at the farm, irrigation practices, depth of groundwater, quality of groundwater, features of drainage systems (structures, depth of drainage network, efficiency, drainage type, expected life, and drainage maintenance system), collection of drainage effluent, quality of the drainage water, disposal and/or reuse options of the drainage effluent, and cropping system. The main focus of this study was Babil and Wasit provinces located in the central Iraq. Two major projects of these provinces namely Al-Mussiyan and Al-Dujailah were selected for assessing the existing status and performance of the irrigation and drainage infrastructure. Al-Mussiyab project is fed by the Euphrates River and Al-Dujaila project is fed by the Tigris Rivers. The main objective of this study is to review and document the current state of irrigation and drainage infrastructure in these two projects and assess the factors influencing irrigation delivery, irrigation management, and disposal of the drainage effluent. This report also aimed at highlighting the key deficiencies in the system that contributes to soil salinization and low land and water productivity. This information will finally be used to draw investment plans for the pilot scale development of irrigation and drainage infrastructure.
- Gathering Wisdom from the Field: Participatory Technology Development in Upper Karkheh River Basin, IranAuthor(s): Babak Moosavi, Seyed; Anthofer, Juergen; Moazami, M.; Mobarakian, S.M.; Garavand, P.; Rashno, Z.; Moradi, S.; Moradi, M.; Farhadi, M.R.; Fakhri, Masoomeh; Babaei, T.; Azizi, Hamid; Rahmani, S. (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 2010-01-01)Date: 2010-01-01Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessCGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food The project combined a large-scale analysis of the Karkheh River Basin, Iran, by GIS and rapid assessments, with detailed natural resources assessments, gender and livelihood analyses and participatory development of agricultural technologies in two upstream watersheds. These two contrasting benchmark research watersheds were Merek Watershed (242 km2) in Kermanshah Province and Honam Watershed (142 km2) in Lorestan Province. The project operated through the active involvement of researchers and staff of five research institutes under the umbrella of the Agricultural Extension, Education and Research Organization (AEERO) and the Forest, Range and Watershed Management Organization (FRWO), all based in Tehran. At the provincial level, the main players were the Natural Resource and Agricultural Research Centers in the Provinces, which house researchers of these same institutes, the Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization, and the Agricultural Extension Offices. The project is managed by ICARDA and benefited from additional scientific support provided by the Catholic University of Leuven.
- Agro·ecological zones of Karkheh River Basin: A reconnaissance assessment of climatic and edaphic patterns and their similarity to areas inside and outside the BasinAuthor(s): De Pauw, Eddy; Mirghasemi, Seyed; Ghaffari, Abdolali; Nseir, B. (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 2008-01-01)Date: 2008-01-01Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessCGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food - Improving livelihood resilience by integrated natural resource management in upper catchments of dry areas (pn24) and improving on-farm agricultural water productivity in the Karkheh River Basin (pn8). This study has several major components: an assessment and mapping of the agricultural environments in the entire Karkheh River Basin (KRB): the setting of the selected benchmark sites for the two Challenge Program projects in relation to these environments: and the mapping of the possible out-scaling domains (from a biophysical perspective) at the level of the Karkheh River Basin. Iran and the CWANA region.
- National Capacity and Constraints to Implement Ethiopia’s Agriculture Sector GTP II with a Focus on the Extension SystemAuthor(s): Chanyalew, DemeseDate: 2016-11-17Type: PresentationStatus: Open accessThe author gives background on the Agricultural GTP II . He explains the definition and concept of agricultural extension, of agricultural systems and then gives an observation on the existing capacity of the Ethiopian government. He discusses the constraints and challenging, concluding with the implication of this. The end of the popwerpoint is filled with propositions and remarks on this agricultural transformation plan and the extension strategy.
- Adoption of agricultural technologies visa vis agricultural extension in Ethiopia: Theoretical tenets and empirical evidencesAuthor(s): Yirga, Chilot; Alemu, DawitDate: 2016-11-17Type: PresentationStatus: Open accessThe author explains different Adoption estimation methods, gives examples about Adoption levels on the field in Ethiopia, discusses Factors affecting adoption, compares Adoption and yield gaps and issues the Implications for research and development during his presentation.
- Review of Existing Agricultural Extension Curriculum in Ethiopian UniversitiesAuthor(s): Abelieneh, AssefaDate: 2016-11-17Type: PresentationStatus: Open accessThe author presents a review paper concerning the current extensio curricula in Ethiopia, discussing the Concept of Extension education, the method and objective of the Review Paper , a Brief History of Extension Education in Ethiopia. He summarizes the Main Contents of Existing Current Agricultural Extension Harmonized Curricula in Ethiopian universities and combares the two current extension curricula. The Methods of Course Delivery and Evaluation System are explained, and the graduate profiles critically analysed. Then, the implication on the job performance are issued, ending with recommendations for future improvement.
- Semi-Detailed Soil Surveys of Merek and Honam Watersheds, Karkheh River Basin, IranAuthor(s): Milani, P. Mohajer; Eftekhari, Kamran; Fatehi, S.H.; Sepahvand, Morad; Turkelboom, Francis; De Pauw, Eddy; Bruggeman, Adriana (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA))Date: 2010-10-25Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessThe study of soils is important for landuse planning, agriculture, and natural resource development programs. Determination of soil characteristics and limitations is one of the most important duties of soil researchers. This report presents a semi-detailed soil survey of Merek watershed in Kermanshah Province, and Honam watershed in Lorestan Province, Iran. It is hoped that the analyses and recommendations will be of value to those interested in the optimum use of Iran’s land and water resources. The Merek watershed is located southeast of Kermanshah, the provincial capital, and has an area of 24,200 ha. Its climate is cold semi-arid, and soil temperature and moisture regimes are thermic and xeric, respectively. Lithological composition is mainly limestone, dolomite, marl, claystone and sandstone. The Honam watershed is located south of Alashtar city and has an area of 14,200 ha. The area’s high mountains contribute to a wet climate, and soil temperature and moisture regimes are mesic and xeric, respectively. Lithological composition comprises limestone, dolomite, marl, quartzite, shale, sandstone, and conglomerate. Interpretive map units were produced for both watersheds using a geo-pedologic approach. The soil morphology, physical, and chemical characteristics determined in each map unit were: color, soil structure, rock fragments, voids, roots, clay cutans, soil reaction, soil salinity, soil alkalinity, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, soil texture, field capacity, and permanent wilting point. In Merek, three landscapes, seven reliefs or moldings, and 21 land units were distinguished. Three soil orders were identified: Entisols, Inceptisols and Vertisols, with Entisols found in the mountains and hilly areas. Soil textures in the profiles are clay or silt clay. A subangular blocky structure is the dominant soil structure. The amount of subsurface gravel (fine and coarse) in the profiles dug on mountains and hilly areas varies between 25% and 60%. The pH varies between 7.3 and 7.9, electrical conductivity varies between 0.4 and 0.8 ds m-1, organic carbon varies between 1% and 3%, and the amount of CaCO3 in surface horizons varies between 17% and 32%. In Honam, four landscapes, 10 reliefs or moldings, and 37 land units were distinguished. Two soil orders were identified: Entisols and Inceptisols, with Entisols found in the mountains and hilly areas and Inceptisols in the piedmonts and valleys. Textures in the soil profiles are clay or silty clay and the dominant soil structure is subangular blocky. The amount of subsurface gravel (fine and coarse) in the profiles dug on mountains and hilly areas varies between 0% and more than 75%. The pH varies between 7.3 and 8.0, electrical conductivity varies between 0.2 and 7.6 ds m-1, organic carbon varies between 1% and 3.7%, and the amount of CaCO3 in surface horizons varies between 1.7% and 43.42%. Topography, soil depth, stoniness, water erosion, and heavy soil texture (especially in the surface horizons) are the main limiting factors in the study area.
- Policies, Institutions and Economies of Water Resources and Management in the Karkheh River Basin of IranAuthor(s): Keshavarz, Abbas; Dehghanisanij, Hossein; Asadi, Hormoz; Oweis, Theib; Abdelwahab, A.M. (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 2013-02-20)Date: 2013-02-20Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessThis research report addresses researchers, farmers, decision and policy makers and public and private organizations involved in land and water development in the Karkheh River Basin (KRB) of Iran.
- Assessment and Improvement of Wheat and Maize Water Productiveness in Lower Karkheh River BasinAuthor(s): Moayeri, Mansour; Dehghanisanij, Hossein; Nato, Abdolmajid Farhad; Siadat, Hamid; Abbasi, Fariborz; Oweis, Theib (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA))Date: 2013-02-20Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessThis report on ‘Assessment and Improvement of Wheat and Maize Water Productivity in Lower Karkheh River Basin’ helps researchers and scientists interested in sustainable water development to improve the Water Productivity (WP) of wheat and maize in irrigated lands of the Karkheh dam downstream. The Karkheh River Basin (KRB) is an important agricultural zone, located in the southwest of Iran where two major agricultural production systems prevail, a rainfed system upstream of the newly built Karkheh dam, and a fully irrigated system downstream of the dam. The quality of the river water is good (electrical conductivity (EC) ranging between 0.9 dS/m and 1.7 dS/m, depending on the different seasons and locations along the river). The area is suitable for a wide range of crops, such as wheat, maize, alfalfa, and off-season vegetable crops. The agricultural water resources of the KRB consist of both surface and groundwater. Given the high potential of agricultural land and the possibility of using high quality water from the dams; the rationalization of these areas could have signi cant effects on the economy of the region and the country. The average irrigation ef ciency (the ratio of amount of water used for evapotranspiration to the amount of water diverted from the reservoir) in the lower KRB is 30% and average WP is 0.5 kg/m3 – lower than the country averages of 37% and 0.8 kg/m3 (Keshavarz et al., 2005). Based on the results of this two-year study, the average irrigation and rain WP, water application ef ciency (WAE) and maize crop water productivity (CWP) were 0.38 kg/ m3, 38.6 % and 1.01 kg/m3, respectively. Several practices were examined to improve maize water productivity. Inside-furrow planting (T5) had less water losses compared to the common planting and irrigation method (T1) thus, having a grain yield higher than (T1). It was also found that by the application of a planting and irrigation management method according to (T5), it is possible to reduce water consumption by up to 31%. The (T5) method also caused a signi cant increase in IWP and CWP compared to (T1). In the range of moisture stress of this study, by providing 75 percent of the crop water requirement, the predicted IWP will be 1.3 kg/m3 of water consumed by the plant. Variable alternate furrow irrigation method cannot be recommended due to high irrigation water consumption resulting from water in ux from wet furrows into the neighboring dry furrows. Double row planting on 75 cm ridges (T3) had higher dry matter, grain yield, and IWP compared to the farmers’ practice (T1), but had less IWP than (T5). According to this study, proper surface irrigation management methods and furrow planting could increase irrigation water productivity (IWP) to values 45% higher than the prevailing farmers’ practice i.e. the control treatment. In addition, using drip irrigation increased irrigation water productivity (IWP) by three fold. The observations in the study indicate that the factors behind low WP include: 1) poor farmer knowledge of irrigation management, 2) bad crop management practices, 3) plant nutrient de ciency, 4) high water and soil salinity, 5) large wetland areas, and 6) poor functioning of drainage systems. However, researchers who conducted the study clari ed that by improving research, as well as farm and irrigation management skills, the average irrigation WP for wheat in the studied area would increase from 0.84 kg/m3 to 1.1 kg/m3. The study concludes with recommendations like replacing current corn varieties in the region with high-yielding ones, planting corn seeds at the bottom of the furrows to give a 20% to 30% decrease in the amount of irrigation water consumed, planting at the bottom of the furrows to reduce the amount of irrigation water consumed and to increase irrigation water productivity.
- Improving Rainwater Productivity with Supplemental Irrigation in Upper Karkheh River Basin of IranAuthor(s): Tavakoli, Ali Reza; Oweis, Theib; Farahani, Hamid; Ashrafi, Shahram; Asadi, Hormoz; Siadat, Hamid; Liaghat, Abdolmajid (Agricultural Research Center of Semnan Province (ARC Iran))Date: 2011-01-06Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessThe Karkheh River Basin (KRB) is located in the south-western parts of Iran. Most of the agricultural area in the upper KRB is rainfed and a large part of the region’s agricultural livelihood is based on dryland farming systems. Current water productivity (WP) values for dryland crops range from 0.3 to 0.5 kg m-3. This is in spite of the fact that the upper catchments in the KRB are among the most suitable rainfed zones of the country, with long-term annual precipitation of 300 to 600 mm. Low WP is mainly due to poor distribution of rainfall and poor agronomic management practices To study the options for increasing water productivity in the basin, on-farm trials were conducted during the 2005-08 winter cropping seasons of wheat and barley at multiple farms across two benchmark watersheds of Merek (Kermanshah Province) and Honam (Lorestan Province) in the upper KRB. Under farmers practice at rainfed areas of Merek site, grain production for a local and an advanced barley variety (Sararood1), and a local and improved wheat variety (Azar2), were 1000-2100, 2100-2900, 800-2000, and 2000-2700 kg per ha, respectively. Early planting with the help of a single supplemental irrigation (SI) (about 75-50 mm), at Merek site, increased production to 3500-3700 for barley and 1800-3100 kg per ha for wheat. Similar results were obtained at the Honam site. Rain water productivity (RWP), for wheat, barley, and chickpea ranged from (0.30.5), (0.3-0.6), and (0.1-0.3) kg m-3, respectively. The results of this study showed that a combination of advanced management with a single supplemental irrigation (SI) application at sowing or in the spring (heading to flowering stage) increased total water productivity (TWP), of wheat and barley from a range of 0.3-0.37 kg m-3 to a range of 0.45 -0.71 kg m-3. The irrigation water productivity (IWP), of wheat and barley ranged from 0.55 to 3.62 kg m-3 by using single irrigation at sowing or in the spring. These preliminary results confirm the effective role of supplemental irrigation (SI) and improved agronomic management to enhance rainfed systems productivity. Deficit irrigation (DI) studies showed that, crop water productivity for irrigated wheat in the two sites was higher than under full irrigation. Deficit irrigation not only increased water productivity, but also farmers’ profits. Under pressurized irrigation, total water productivity achieved under a 25 percent water deficit was 1.2 times that achieved under normal irrigation. Besides, a soil water and salt balance model (BUDGET) and a crop water productivity model (AquaCrop) were used to simulate grain and biomass yields, soil moisture content and evapotranspiration of winter wheat sown early with single irrigation scenarios. Experimental data from three growing seasons (2005–2008) were used. The experimental design incorporates Azar2 bread wheat cultivar tested under three treatments: no irrigation at sowing (rainfed), supplemental irrigation (SI) at sowing with 75 mm of water (SI sowing) and irrigation to replenish the total water requirement at 0–90 cm soil profile at spring (about 50 mm of water). Crop input parameters were selected from the model documentation and experimental data. The first crop season, field experimental data were used for model calibration and the other two crop season data were used for simulation. Results showed that BUDGET (2005) and AquaCrop (2009) were able to simulate well the grain yield reduction, the soil moisture content (SMC) and the evapotranspiration as observed in the field experiments. Finally, economical analyses of different treatments for wheat and barley at Honam show that under current market condetions all treatments, except early planting with SI, were non-economical. Accordingly, at Honam, recommended management are in the following ranking: Advanced management (AM) + planting SI, AM + SI spring, and AM + rainfed treatments, respectively. Traditional management with SI or without SI is not recommended. Similar results with spring SI and early planting SI scenarios are recommended at Merek for both wheat and barley.
- Proceedings of the International Workshop on: Improving Water Productivity and Livelihood Resilience in Karkheh River Basin in IranAuthor(s): Farahani, Hamid; Oweis, Theib; Siadat, Hamid; Abbasi, Fariborz; Bruggeman, Adriana; Anthofer, Juergen; Turkelboom, Francis (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA))Date: 2008-07-14Type: Internal ReportStatus: Open accessA two-day international workshop on “Improving Water Productivity and Livelihood Resilience in Karkheh River Basin” was jointly organized by ICARDA and AREO 10-11 September, 2007 in Karaj, Iran, and the presentations are compiled in the proceedings. The presentations at the workshop focused on integrated and participatory approach to technology development in addressing water productivity and livelihood resilience. It underscored the importance of sustainable development without endangering the ecological assets of fragile ecosystems in this region. The workshop concluded, based on the research results presented and the discussions held, that agricultural water management occupies an important role in the efforts to improve the livelihoods of rural communities in the basin. It is also clear that achieving the objective of improving water productivity will positively affect farmers’ production and income and contribute to sustainable agriculture in the basin. There is a great potential for increasing water productivity in agriculture and the farmers resilience in the future as water will become more scarce and climate change is expected to aggravate that with prolonged drought and other extreme events.